Katin Chozer (חוזר קטין) - Returning Minor

Complete Guide to Israeli Citizen Children Returning to Israel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.        What is Katin Chozer?
2.        Eligibility Requirements
3.        Core Document Requirements
4.        Parental Consent and Custody Issues
5.        Age-Specific Considerations
6.        Education System Integration
7.        Military Service Future Obligations
8.        Process and Timeline
9.        Rights and Benefits
10.     Special Situations
11.     Comparison: Katin Chozer vs. Other Statuses
12.     Country-Specific Guidance

WHAT IS KATIN CHOZER?

Definition

**Katin Chozer (חוזר קטין) **= "Returning Minor" A child who:

ï           Is under 18 years old

ï           Is an **Israeli citizen **(born with or acquired citizenship)

ï           Has been living outside of Israel

ï           Is now **returning to Israel **with parent(s) or guardian(s)

ï           Reclaiming their Israeli citizenship status

Key Characteristics

Legal Status:

ï           Minor under Israeli law (under age 18)

ï           Already an Israeli citizen (not applying for new citizenship)

ï           Returning to activate/resume citizenship status

ï           Requires parental/guardian involvement in process

Different From:

ï           **Ezrach Oleh: **Adult (18+) returning citizen

ï           **Regular child aliyah: **Child making aliyah for first time (not Israeli citizen)

ï           **Child born in Israel to returning parents: **Different registration process

ï           **Toshav Chozer child: **Child of returning resident who maintained closer ties

ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

Who Qualifies as Katin Chozer?

Child must meet ALL criteria:

1. Age Requirement

ï           **Under 18 years old **at time of return

ï           Birthday matters: if turning 18 soon, timing is critical

ï           Once 18, becomes ezrach oleh (different process and implications)

2.  Israeli Citizenship

Child must be Israeli citizen through one of these routes:

A.  Born in Israel

ï           To at least one Israeli parent

ï           Automatically Israeli citizen

ï           Has Israeli birth certificate

B.  Born Abroad to Israeli Parent(s)

ï           At least one parent was Israeli citizen when child was born

ï           Child registered at Israeli consulate/embassy, OR

ï           Child eligible but not yet registered (can register during return process)

C.  Parent Made Aliyah with Child as Minor

ï           Parent made aliyah previously

ï           Child received Israeli citizenship through parent's aliyah

ï           Child was under 18 when family made aliyah

D.  Born in Israel Under Law of Return

ï           Born to Jewish parent(s) in Israel

ï           Received citizenship at birth even if parents not citizens at that time

3.  Currently Living Outside Israel

ï           Established residence abroad

ï           Not currently Israeli resident

ï           Has been away from Israel for extended period

4.  Returning with Parent/Guardian

ï           Cannot return alone (if under 18)

ï           Must be with parent, legal guardian, or authorized adult

ï           Parental consent required

Who Does NOT Qualify as Katin Chozer?

 **18 years or older **- becomes ezrach oleh (adult returning citizen) **Never held Israeli citizenship **- needs regular aliyah (if eligible) **Born to Israeli parents but never registered **-

may need citizenship registration first **Parent not Israeli, child not registered **- may need regular aliyah **Israeli resident child returning from temporary absence **- different process

CORE DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS

Documents for the Child

1.  Proof of Israeli Citizenship Must provide at least ONE:

A.  Israeli Passport (Darkon) - BEST PROOF

ï           Child's Israeli passport (even if expired)

ï           Shows name and teudat zehut number

ï           Valid even if expired years ago

ï           Most important document

B.  Teudat Zehut (Israeli ID Card)

ï           Child's Israeli ID card

ï           Even if expired

ï           Shows ID number (mispar zehut)

C.  Israeli Birth Certificate (Teudat Leda)

ï           If child born in Israel

ï           From Ministry of Interior

ï           Shows Israeli citizenship at birth

ï           Must be official government certificate

D.  Registration Certificate from Israeli Consulate

ï           If born abroad and registered as Israeli citizen

ï           Certificate from consulate showing citizenship

ï           Date of registration

E.  Parents' Israeli Documents + Child's Foreign Birth Certificate

ï           Parent's Israeli passport/ID proving they were Israeli when child was born

ï           Child's foreign birth certificate with apostille

ï           Proves child eligible for Israeli citizenship by descent

If You Don't Have These:

ï           Ministry of Interior has records of all Israeli citizens

ï           Consulate can search database

ï           Provide: child's full name, parents' names, date of birth

ï           Can locate records and issue new documents

2.  Current Foreign Passport Requirements:

ï           Child's valid passport from country of residence

ï           Must be valid for at least 6 months

ï           Biographical page with photo

ï           Shows current legal name

For Infants/Young Children:

ï           May not have passport yet

ï           Can be obtained during process

ï           Not always required for very young children (check with consulate)

3.  Foreign Birth Certificate Requirements:

ï           Official birth certificate from country of birth

ï           Original or certified copy

ï           With apostille

ï           Shows: child's full name, date/place of birth, parents' names

Why Needed:

ï           Updates Israeli records

ï           Confirms identity

ï           Shows current legal name

ï           Required even if child has Israeli birth certificate

4.  Passport Photos Requirements:

ï           4-6 photos of child

ï           Israeli standard: 5cm × 5cm

ï           Recent (within 6 months)

ï           Color photos

ï           White or light background

ï           Specific requirements for infants/young children

For Infants:

ï           Can be challenging to get proper photos

ï           No one else in photo

ï           Eyes open (if possible)

ï           Some flexibility for very young babies

Documents for Parents/Guardians

1.  Parent's Israeli Documents If Parent is Israeli Citizen:

ï           Parent's Israeli passport (darkon) or teudat zehut

ï           Even if expired

ï           Proves parent's citizenship

If Parent is Ezrach Oleh (Returning Citizen):

ï           All documents for parent's return (see Ezrach Oleh guide)

ï           Often processed simultaneously

2.  Parent's Current Passport

Requirements:

ï           Valid foreign passport

ï           Biographical page copy

3.  Proof of Parental Relationship Marriage Certificate:

ï           If parents married

ï           With apostille

ï           Shows parents' names

Birth Certificate:

ï           Child's birth certificate lists parents

ï           Proves biological/legal relationship

Adoption Papers (if applicable):

ï           Final adoption decree

ï           With apostille

ï           Shows legal parent-child relationship

4.  Parental Consent Documents

**If Both Parents Not Traveling: **See section on Parental Consent below

5.  Custody Documents (if applicable) If Parents Divorced/Separated:

ï           Custody agreement or court order

ï           Shows who has legal custody

ï           Permission for child to relocate to Israel

ï           See Custody Issues section below

Additional Required Documents

Criminal Background Check (For Parents)

Not usually required for child, but parent needs:

ï           Criminal clearance from country of residence

ï           For parent(s) accompanying child

ï           Must be translated to Hebrew

ï           With apostille

Countries:

ï           FBI check (USA)

ï           ACRO check (UK)

ï           RCMP check (Canada)

ï           SAPS clearance (South Africa)

Proof of Residence

Recent documents showing:

ï           Where family currently lives

ï           Child's address

ï           Documents in parent's name:

◦           Utility bills

◦           Lease agreement

◦           Bank statements

◦           School enrollment records

PARENTAL CONSENT AND CUSTODY ISSUES

Both Parents Are Israeli Citizens Living Abroad

Simplest Scenario:

ï           Both parents returning to Israel with child

ï           Both parents' Israeli documents

ï           Joint application

ï           No consent issues

ï           Straightforward process

Documents Needed:

ï           Both parents' Israeli citizenship proof

ï           Marriage certificate

ï           Child's documents

ï           Both parents present for application

One Parent Israeli, One Parent Not

Scenario A: Both Parents Returning Together

ï           Israeli parent: Ezrach Oleh process

ï           Non-Israeli parent: Spousal visa or aliyah (if Jewish)

ï           Child: Katin Chozer

ï           All processed together

Scenario B: Only Israeli Parent Returning with Child

ï           Requires **written consent **from non-Israeli parent

ï           Notarized consent letter

ï           May require translation

ï           Non-Israeli parent must agree to child living in Israel

Documents:

ï           Consent letter from other parent

ï           Notarized/witnessed

ï           Marriage certificate

ï           Custody documentation (if applicable)

Parents Divorced or Separated

Critical Considerations:

ï           Israeli courts take custody and international parental abduction very seriously

ï           Must have proper legal authorization

ï           Cannot remove child from other parent without permission

Full Custody to Relocating Parent If you have sole legal custody:

ï           Court order granting full custody

ï           Specific permission to relocate internationally

ï           Apostilled court documents

ï           Translated to Hebrew

Documents:

ï           Final divorce decree with custody provisions

ï           Court order allowing international relocation

ï           Evidence other parent's rights terminated or waived

Shared/Joint Custody Requires:

ï           **Written, notarized consent from other parent **allowing:

◦           Child to move to Israel

◦           Child to acquire/activate Israeli citizenship

◦           Permanent relocation (not just visit)

ï           May need court order approving international relocation

ï           Other parent must explicitly agree

Consent Letter Should Include:

ï           Child's full name and date of birth

ï           Statement: "I consent to [child's name] relocating to Israel"

ï           Statement: "I consent to [child's name] being registered as Israeli citizen"

ï           Both parents' full names

ï           Date and place

ï           Notarized signature

ï           Contact information for non-relocating parent

Red Flags Consulate Looks For:

ï           Suspicion of parental abduction

ï           Disputed custody

ï           One parent unaware

ï           Recent divorce with unresolved custody

If Other Parent Objects

If other parent refuses consent:

ï           Cannot proceed without legal resolution

ï           Must obtain court order

ï           Family court in country of residence or Israel

ï           International custody dispute

ï           Consider legal advice immediately

Serious Issue:

ï           Hague Convention on International Child Abduction applies

ï           Wrongful removal of child is international crime

ï           Israeli authorities will not assist in parental abduction

ï           Must have clean legal authorization

Single Parent from Birth

If other parent:

ï           Never established (not on birth certificate)

ï           Deceased

ï           Rights terminated by court

ï           Unknown/abandoned child

Documents:

ï           Birth certificate showing only one parent

ï           Death certificate (if deceased)

ï           Court documents (if rights terminated)

ï           Affidavit explaining situation

Process:

ï           Simpler than divorce situations

ï           Sole parent has full authority

ï           Must prove status

Unaccompanied Minor

Child Returning Alone (Very Rare):

Only Possible If:

ï           Child is older (typically 16-17)

ï           Both parents authorize

ï           Guardian arranged in Israel

ï           Very specific circumstances

ï           Must have both parents' notarized consent Requirements:

ï           Notarized authorization from both parents

ï           Guardian affidavit from Israeli adult accepting responsibility

ï           Detailed travel plans

ï           School enrollment arranged

ï           Accommodation confirmed

ï           Rare and requires extensive documentation

Reality:

ï           Generally not permitted for younger children

ï           Even teenagers need strong justification

ï           Consulate may refuse if concerns about welfare

AGE-SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS

Infants and Toddlers (0-3 years)

Registration:

ï           Often not yet registered as Israeli citizens

ï           Can register during return process

ï           Simpler process than older children

Documents:

ï           May not have all documents yet

ï           Foreign passport sometimes not required for infants

ï           More flexibility with photo requirements

Considerations:

ï           Easier integration (no language barrier yet)

ï           No prior Israeli education to transfer

ï           No military service considerations yet

Young Children (4-11 years)

Education:

ï           Will enter Israeli elementary school (yesodi)

ï           Hebrew language acquisition critical

ï           May need support programs

Documents:

ï           School records from abroad (if applicable)

ï           Immunization records

ï           Medical records

Considerations:

ï           Language immersion programs available

ï           Social integration important

ï           Parents should consider neighborhood/school quality

Pre-Teens and Young Teens (12-14 years)

Education:

ï           Entering middle school (yesodi/high school)

ï           Critical period for language learning

ï           Social integration more challenging

Identity Formation:

ï           Cultural adjustment significant

ï           Peer relationships critical

ï           May resist move

Considerations:

ï           Hebrew intensive support essential

ï           School choice very important

ï           Consider child's input in decision

ï           Mental health support may be needed

Older Teens (15-17 years)

Critical Age Range:

ï           Approaching high school graduation

ï           Close to military draft age

ï           Adult status (18) approaching

Education:

ï           High school (tichon) placement challenging

ï           Israeli matriculation (bagrut) requirements different

ï           May be behind Israeli peers

ï           Language barrier significant challenge

Military Service Looming:

ï           Boys: Draft at 18

ï           Girls: Draft at 18

ï           Very little time to adjust before service

ï           Significantly affects decision-making

Special Considerations:

Age 17 (Especially 17½+) Critical Timing:

ï           If returning at age 17, military service in less than a year

ï           Drafted immediately upon turning 18 (if in Israel)

ï           May want to:

◦           Complete high school abroad first

◦           Return after 18 (as ezrach oleh, different military situation)

◦           Delay return for education completion

Strategic Planning:

ï           Consult with Israeli consulate about timing

ï           Consider impact on child's education

ï           Military service readiness

ï           Hebrew proficiency

ï           Social readiness

Academic Credits Challenges:

ï           Foreign high school credits may not transfer fully

ï           Israeli bagrut requirements very different

ï           May need to repeat grade or take additional exams

ï           College plans affected

Documentation:

ï           School transcripts with apostille

ï           Course descriptions

ï           Standardized test scores (SAT, AP, IB, etc.)

ï           Academic records

Turning 18 During Process

Important:

ï           If child turns 18 before return is complete, becomes ezrach oleh (adult)

ï           Different process

ï           Different documentation

ï           Different military implications

ï           Plan timing carefully

Recommendation:

ï           If child close to 18, consider timing strategically

ï           Complete return before 18th birthday if possible, OR

ï           Wait until after 18 for different status

EDUCATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION

Israeli School System Overview

Structure:

ï           **Gan (Kindergarten): **Ages 3-6

ï           **Yesodi (Elementary): **Grades 1-6 (Ages 6-12)

ï           **Yesodi/Tichon (Middle School): **Grades 7-9 (Ages 12-15)

ï           **Tichon (High School): **Grades 10-12 (Ages 15-18)

School Types:

ï           **Mamlachti (State secular): **Hebrew language, secular curriculum

ï           **Mamlachti Dati (State religious): **Hebrew language, religious Zionist

ï           **Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox): **Torah-focused curriculum

ï           **Private schools: **International schools, religious schools

ï           **Arab schools: **Arabic language instruction

Registration Process

Upon Arrival:

1.              Register at Local Education Ministry Office

◦                    Within city/neighborhood

◦                    Bring: teudat zehut, proof of residence, birth certificate

2.              School Assignment

◦                    Based on address (catchment zones)

◦                    Can request specific schools

◦                    May have waiting lists

3.              Placement Testing

◦                    Hebrew language assessment

◦                    Academic level evaluation

◦                    Determines grade placement and support needs

Hebrew Language Support Ulpan Programs for Children: School-Based Ulpan:

ï           Intensive Hebrew classes within school

ï           Usually morning intensive, regular classes afternoon

ï           Duration: 3-6 months typically

ï           Free through public school system

Grades and Duration:

ï           **Elementary age: **Faster acquisition, full integration 6-12 months

ï           **Middle school: **Moderate acquisition, 12-18 months to fluency

ï           **High school: **Slower acquisition, 18-24 months, may never reach native level

Private Tutoring:

ï           Supplemental Hebrew instruction

ï           Faster progress

ï           Expensive but effective

ï           Recommended for older students

Academic Challenges

Elementary Level (Grades 1-6) Challenges:

ï           Initially behind in Hebrew reading/writing

ï           Different math methods

ï           Different curriculum

ï           Social integration

Support:

ï           School ulpan programs effective

ï           Young enough to catch up relatively quickly

ï           Less pressure academically

Middle School (Grades 7-9) Challenges:

ï           More complex academic Hebrew

ï           Subject-specific vocabulary

ï           Peer social pressures

ï           Identity formation during transition

Support:

ï           Ulpan essential

ï           Tutoring helpful

ï           Understanding teachers critical

ï           May repeat grade if necessary

High School (Grades 10-12) Major Challenges:

ï           **Bagrut (Matriculation Exams): **Required for university

ï           Complex academic Hebrew in all subjects

ï           Short time before military draft

ï           Credits from abroad may not transfer

ï           Different educational system entirely

Bagrut Requirements:

ï           Exams in core subjects (Math, English, Hebrew, History, Bible/Civics, Science)

ï           Multiple levels (3, 4, 5 units) with higher requirements

ï           Cumulative testing over 3 years

ï           Required for Israeli university admission

Options for Older Teens:

A.  Regular Israeli High School

ï           Most challenging option

ï           Full immersion

ï           Bagrut track

ï           May need extra year

B.  International School

ï           Instruction in English

ï           IB or American/British curriculum

ï           Expensive (private)

ï           Available in major cities

ï           Easier transition but less Hebrew immersion

ï           **Note: **Some Israeli universities require bagrut regardless

C.  Mechina (Preparatory Program)

ï           Post-high school, pre-military/university

ï           Builds Hebrew and academic skills

ï           Social integration

ï           Available after completing foreign high school

D.  Complete High School Abroad

ï           Return after graduation at age 18+

ï           Different military implications

ï           Stronger academically

ï           But older for Israeli peers

School Records Documentation

Bring from Abroad:

ï           Complete school transcripts

ï           Apostilled and translated

ï           Immunization records

ï           Special education evaluations (if applicable)

ï           Gifted program documentation (if applicable)

ï           Standardized test scores

ï           Letters of recommendation

MILITARY SERVICE FUTURE OBLIGATIONS

Overview

**Critical Consideration: **Returning Israeli minors will likely face military draft upon turning 18 if living in Israel.

Basic Rules

Males:

ï           Drafted at age 18

ï           Service length: Typically 32 months (2 years 8 months)

ï           Can be extended for certain units/programs

ï           Mandatory unless exempted

Females:

ï           Drafted at age 18

ï           Service length: 24 months (2 years)

ï           Can request religious exemption

ï           Mandatory unless exempted

Age at Return Matters

Returning Before Age 13 General Rule:

ï           Full military obligation

ï           Treated as Israeli-raised youth

ï           Same process as native Israelis

ï           Limited exemption options

Why:

ï           Considered sufficient time to integrate

ï           Benefited from Israeli education/society

ï           Full citizen obligations

Returning Ages 13-18 Considerations:

ï           Still drafted at 18

ï           Limited time to prepare

ï           Language challenges

ï           Cultural adjustment difficulties

Possible Accommodations:

ï           May request delayed service for Hebrew improvement

ï           Special programs for returning youth (Garin Tzabar, etc.)

ï           Support systems available

ï           But service still expected

Strategic Timing Decision Some Families Consider:

ï           **Option A: **Return before age 13

◦           Child integrates fully

◦           Serves in military like Israeli peer

◦           More time to adjust before service

ï           **Option B: **Return after age 18

◦           Child finishes high school abroad

◦           Better academic preparation

◦           Military service as ezrach oleh (different treatment)

◦           More exemption possibilities

Ages 16-18 Return = Challenging:

ï           Hardest integration period

ï           Little time before draft

ï           Academic struggles

ï           Social challenges

ï           Military pressure

ï           Consider timing carefully

Exemptions and Deferrals

Possible Exemptions

Religious Exemption (Girls Only):

ï           Sign declaration of religious observance

ï           Exempts from service

ï           Can do Sherut Leumi (National Service) instead

ï           Personal choice

Medical Exemption:

ï           Physical or mental health conditions

ï           Evaluated by IDF medical board

ï           Profile (number) determines fitness

ï           Must be documented

Sole Breadwinner:

ï           Family financial hardship

ï           Rare for children's generation

ï           Requires extensive proof

Yeshiva Students (Boys):

ï           Full-time Torah study

ï           Complicated and controversial

ï           Haredi community exemption

ï           Requires enrollment in recognized yeshiva

Deferrals University Deferral:

ï           Can defer for undergraduate degree

ï           Up to age 24-26

ï           Must maintain student status

ï           Common and accepted

Military Preparatory Programs:

ï           Mechina programs

ï           One year before service

ï           Academic and military preparation

ï           Highly regarded

Programs for Returning Youth

Garin Tzabar:

ï           Program for olim/returning youth

ï           Group support through military service

ï           Host families

ï           Special integration support

ï           Highly successful program

Mahal (Volunteers from Abroad):

ï           For citizens living abroad

ï           Shortened service (14-18 months)

ï           Special track

ï           Less available than past

**Note: **As katin chozer (Israeli citizen returning), child typically does NOT qualify for Mahal (usually for foreign volunteers).

Planning Considerations

Discuss Early:

ï           Talk with child about military service expectation

ï           Prepare mentally

ï           Learn Hebrew intensively

ï           Physical fitness

ï           Understanding of Israeli society

Resources:

ï           IDF has departments for olim/returning citizens

ï           Support programs available

ï           Not alone in this process

Family Decision:

ï           Military service significant commitment

ï           Affects education timeline

ï           Career path

ï           Life trajectory

ï           Should be considered in timing of return

PROCESS AND TIMELINE

Step-by-Step Process

Phase 1: Preparation (2-4 Months) Week 1-2: Initial Research and Planning

Assess Situation:

ï           Confirm child's Israeli citizenship status

ï           Locate proof documents (old passport, teudat zehut, birth certificate)

ï           Consider child's age and implications

ï           Evaluate education timing

ï           Understand military service implications

Contact Israeli Consulate:

ï           Schedule consultation

ï           Explain family situation

ï           Get specific requirements for your case

ï           Clarify custody/consent needs

ï           Ask about timeline

Family Discussion:

ï           Involve child (age-appropriate)

ï           Discuss move to Israel

ï           Explain changes ahead

ï           Address concerns

ï           Prepare emotionally

Week 3-6: Document Collection Obtain Child's Documents:

ï           Birth certificate from current country (with apostille)

ï           Current passport

ï           Israeli citizenship proof

ï           Passport photos

ï           School records

ï           Medical/immunization records

Obtain Parental Documents:

ï           Parent's Israeli citizenship proof

ï           Parent's current passport

ï           Marriage certificate (with apostille)

ï           Criminal clearance

ï           Custody documents if applicable

Obtain Consent/Custody Documents (if needed):

ï           Other parent's notarized consent

ï           Court orders

ï           Custody agreements

ï           Translated and apostilled

Week 7-8: Final Preparation

Criminal Background Check (for parent):

ï           FBI/ACRO/RCMP/SAPS clearance

ï           With apostille

ï           Hebrew translation arranged

Complete File Assembly:

ï           All documents organized

ï           Copies made

ï           Digital scans

ï           Translations completed

ï           Checklist verified

Practical Planning:

ï           Research neighborhoods/schools in Israel

ï           Housing arrangements

ï           Financial planning

ï           Timeline for move

Phase 2: Application (2-4 Weeks) At Israeli Consulate:

Appointment:

ï           Bring all documents

ï           Bring child (usually required)

ï           Both parents if possible

ï           Allow 1-2 hours

Application Submission:

ï           Complete forms

ï           Forms for child

ï           Forms for parents

ï           Consent declarations

Document Review:

ï           Consular officer reviews all documents

ï           Checks citizenship status

ï           Verifies parental authority

ï           May request additional documents

ï           Questions about plans in Israel

Interview:

ï           Questions about:

◦           Child's citizenship history

◦           Time spent outside Israel

◦           Reason for return

◦           Plans in Israel (education, residence)

◦           Family situation

ï           Child may be asked simple questions (age appropriate)

Fees:

ï           Payment for new documents

ï           Passport fees

ï           Processing fees

ï           Varies by consulate

Processing:

ï           Application sent to Ministry of Interior in Israel

ï           Citizenship verified

ï           Records updated

ï           Approval issued

ï           Timeline: 2-6 weeks typically

Phase 3: Approval and Travel (1-2 Months) Once Approved:

Receive Authorization:

ï           "Tehudat Ma'avar" (Travel Document) or

ï           Visa in foreign passport or

ï           Authorization to travel to Israel

ï           Valid for specific period

Plan Travel:

ï           Book flights to Israel

ï           Entry through Ben Gurion Airport (main entry point)

ï           Direct flight recommended

ï           Coordinate with any other family members

Final Preparations:

ï           Pack belongings

ï           Ship items if needed

ï           Say goodbyes

ï           Arrange temporary housing

ï           School research

Travel to Israel:

ï           With authorization documents

ï           Child's foreign passport

ï           All original documents in carry-on

ï           Don't pack documents in checked luggage

Phase 4: Arrival in Israel (First Week) At Airport:

Immigration/Passport Control:

ï           Show authorization documents

ï           Show foreign passport

ï           Fingerprinting (child may be exempt if very young)

ï           Photo taken

ï           Welcome desk may assist

ï           Directed to next steps

Customs:

ï           Standard customs process

ï           May have returning citizen benefits (check)

ï           Personal belongings usually duty-free

First Days:

Ministry of Interior (Misrad Hapnim):

ï           Visit local office within first week

ï           Bring all documents

ï           Register child's address

ï           Update Population Registry

ï           Apply for new teudat zehut

Receive Teudat Zehut:

ï           Child's Israeli ID card

ï           May be temporary initially

ï           Permanent card issued later (2-3 weeks)

ï           ID number assigned (if new) or reactivated

Apply for Israeli Passport:

ï           Can apply at same time as teudat zehut

ï           Biometric passport

ï           Processing: 2-3 weeks

ï           Not urgent if child has foreign passport

Health Insurance Registration:

ï           Automatic coverage as Israeli citizen

ï           Must choose health fund (Kupat Cholim):

◦           Clalit

◦           Maccabi

◦           Meuhedet

◦           Leumit

ï           Register at local branch

ï           Bring teudat zehut

School Registration:

ï           Local education ministry office

ï           Register for school

ï           Placement testing scheduled

ï           Assignment to school

ï           Ulpan arranged

Phase 5: Integration (First 3-6 Months) Education:

ï           Start school

ï           Intensive Hebrew ulpan

ï           Academic assessment

ï           Social adjustment support

ï           Parent-teacher communication

Healthcare:

ï           Register with primary care doctor (Kupah)

ï           Complete any needed vaccinations

ï           Transfer medical records

ï           Establish care

Social Integration:

ï           Child meets new friends

ï           Family explores neighborhood

ï           Community connections

ï           After-school activities

ï           Hebrew improvement

Administrative:

ï           Bank account (may need parent as co-signer for minor)

ï           National Insurance registration

ï           Tax registration for parents

ï           Driver's license (when age appropriate)

ï           Other bureaucracy

Timeline Summary

Total Time from Decision to Settled:

ï           **Preparation: **2-4 months

ï           **Application processing: **2-6 weeks

ï           **Arrival and setup: **2-4 weeks

ï           **Initial integration: **3-6 months

ï           **Complete process: **6-12 months until fully settled

Can Be Faster:

ï           If documents readily available

ï           If simple family situation

ï           If consulate processing quick

ï           3-4 months possible

May Take Longer:

ï           If documents difficult to obtain

ï           If custody complications

ï           If military service issues arise

ï           If education placement complex

ï           12-18 months possible

RIGHTS AND BENEFITS

Rights as Israeli Citizen (Child)

Immediate Upon Return:

ï           **Israeli citizenship **(reactivated)

ï           **Teudat zehut **(Israeli ID card)

ï           **Israeli passport **(right to obtain)

ï           **National health insurance **(automatic coverage)

ï           **Free public education **(elementary through high school)

ï           **Right to reside permanently **in Israel

ï           **All constitutional rights **of Israeli citizens

ï           **Social services **access

ï           **Voting rights **(when reaches 18)

Education Benefits

Public Education:

ï           **Free public schooling **(gan through grade 12)

ï           **Free school ulpan **(Hebrew language support)

ï           **Textbooks **provided (public schools)

ï           **Transportation **(some areas)

ï           **Special education services **(if needed)

Available Support:

ï           Integration programs

ï           Language support

ï           Counseling services

ï           Academic assistance

Healthcare Benefits

Comprehensive Coverage:

ï           **Universal health insurance **(Bituach Leumi)

ï           **Choose health fund **(Kupat Cholim)

ï           **Preventive care **(vaccinations, checkups)

ï           **Hospitalization **covered

ï           **Medications **(subsidized)

ï           **Dental **(for children under 18 - basic)

ï           Mental health services

ï           Emergency care Coverage Begins:

ï           Immediately upon registration

ï           No waiting period

ï           Pre-existing conditions covered

Social Benefits

National Insurance (Bituach Leumi):

ï           **Child allowance **(Kitzibat Yeladim) - monthly payment per child

ï           **Disability benefits **(if applicable)

ï           **Survivor benefits **(if parent dies)

Amounts (2025):

ï           Varies by number of children in family

ï           Typically NIS 100-200 per child per month

ï           Paid to parents

What Katin Chozer Does NOT Receive

Compared to New Oleh (Regular Aliyah Child):

 **Parents do NOT receive sal klita **(absorption basket) - only for new immigrants **Parents do NOT receive aliyah benefits **- unless parent is making new aliyah **No customs exemptions **for returning citizens **No mortgage assistance **(new olim program) **No special rent subsidies **(new olim program) **Parents do NOT receive tax benefits **(new immigrant status) **No new olim educational grants **(higher education)

However:

ï           Child receives all citizen rights

ï           Free education and healthcare (same as all citizens)

ï           If parent is making NEW aliyah (not ezrach oleh), different benefits structure

Future Military Service "Benefits"

After Completing Military Service:

ï           **University tuition assistance **(reduced rates for IDF veterans)

ï           **Housing assistance **(veterans programs)

ï           **Employment preference **(some sectors)

ï           Reserve duty payments

ï           **Social status **and integration

SPECIAL SITUATIONS

Child with Special Needs

Documentation Needed:

ï           Full medical records

ï           Psychological evaluations

ï           Educational assessments

ï           IEP or 504 plans (US system)

ï           Therapy records

ï           Medication information

Israel's Special Education System:

ï           Free special education services

ï           Assessment upon arrival

ï           Individualized education plan

ï           Various support levels

ï           Integration vs. specialized schools

Process:

ï           Evaluation by local education authority

ï           Placement committee

ï           Appropriate school/program assigned

ï           Services provided based on needs

Military Service:

ï           Medical board evaluation at age 17

ï           Profile assigned based on abilities

ï           May be exempt

ï           Alternative service options

Adopted Child

Documentation:

ï           Final adoption decree with apostille

ï           Original birth certificate (if available)

ï           Amended birth certificate (showing adoptive parents)

ï           Court records

Israeli Citizenship:

ï           If adopted by Israeli citizen, child becomes Israeli

ï           Registration process similar

ï           Both parents' consent needed (if both adoptive parents)

Considerations:

ï           Prove legal parent-child relationship

ï           May need additional documentation

ï           Social worker reports (if recent adoption)

Child Born Through Surrogacy

Complex Situation:

ï           Israeli law regarding surrogacy specific

ï           Documentation requirements extensive

ï           May need court orders

ï           Legal advice recommended

Documents:

ï           Surrogacy agreement

ï           Birth certificate

ï           Court orders establishing parentage

ï           DNA tests (sometimes)

ï           All with apostilles and translations

Dual Citizenship Child

Israel Recognizes Dual Citizenship:

ï           Child can hold multiple citizenships

ï           Israel doesn't require renouncing other citizenship

ï           Can maintain foreign passport

Practical Considerations:

ï           Travel with Israeli passport to/from Israel (required)

ï           Use foreign passport for other countries if convenient

ï           Military service obligation exists regardless

ï           Tax implications in both countries

Child with Israeli Parent and Non-Israeli Parent

If Parents Married:

ï           Child is Israeli citizen through Israeli parent

ï           Non-Israeli parent needs visa/residency

ï           Process can be simultaneous

If Parents Not Married:

ï           Citizenship through Israeli parent still valid

ï           May need additional documentation

ï           Paternity/maternity establishment

ï           Both parents' involvement required

Child Born in Israel, Never Lived There

Scenario:

ï           Born in Israel to Israeli parent(s)

ï           Moved abroad as infant

ï           No memory of Israel

ï           Grew up entirely abroad

Status:

ï           Still Israeli citizen

ï           Still katin chozer

ï           May have never had teudat zehut or passport

Considerations:

ï           Total immersion experience

ï           No Hebrew background

ï           Complete cultural adjustment needed

ï           Plan extra support

Teenager Resisting Return

Common Situation:

ï           Teen doesn't want to leave friends

ï           Established life abroad

ï           Difficult age for transition

ï           May be angry at parents

Recommendations:

ï           Family counseling before move

ï           Involve teen in planning

ï           Visit Israel before deciding

ï           Connection programs (Birthright, teen tours)

ï           Research schools/activities

ï           Connect with other returning teens

ï           Mental health support plan

Reality:

ï           Age 15-17 especially challenging

ï           Consider timing carefully

ï           Some families wait until after high school

ï           Balance teen's needs with family goals

Child Approaching Age 18

Critical Timing:

ï           If child turns 18 during process, becomes ezrach oleh (adult)

ï           Different implications

ï           Military service immediately

ï           Different benefits

ï           Different process

Strategic Decisions:

Option A: Return Before 18

ï           Complete as katin chozer

ï           Time to adjust before military service

ï           Education support as minor

ï           But service immediately at 18

Option B: Wait Until After 18

ï           Return as ezrach oleh (adult)

ï           Different military situation (possible exemptions)

ï           Complete high school abroad

ï           More mature for transition

ï           But immediate adult responsibilities

Factors:

ï           How close to 18?

ï           Education status

ï           Hebrew proficiency

ï           Military service readiness

ï           Maturity level

Parent and Child Not Returning Together

Scenario:

ï           Parent returning to Israel

ï           Child staying abroad (with other parent or for school)

ï           Or vice versa

Considerations:

ï           Child under 18 cannot return alone

ï           Both parents must consent to relocation

ï           Custody arrangements critical

ï           Child's preference (if mature)

Options:

ï           Delay return until child ready

ï           Parent returns, child follows later (requires both parents' ongoing consent)

ï           Child visits regularly but doesn't relocate

ï           Family separation (very difficult)

Multiple Children at Different Ages

Challenge:

ï           Different ages have different needs

ï           Optimal timing differs per child

ï           One process for all

Example:

ï           Child A: Age 7 - easier integration, young

ï           Child B: Age 14 - challenging age, middle school

ï           Child C: Age 17 - critical age, military service soon

Strategies:

ï           Consider each child's needs

ï           Find best compromise

ï           May not be perfect for everyone

ï           Extra support for most vulnerable child

ï           Stagger if possible (though difficult)

ï           Family counseling

COMPARISON: KATIN CHOZER VS. OTHER STATUSES

Side-by-Side Comparison

When Each Status Applies

Katin Chozer:

ï           Child under 18

ï           Previously Israeli citizen

ï           Returning from abroad

ï           With parent/guardian

Child Making Aliyah:

ï           Child under 18

ï           Jewish or eligible under Law of Return

ï           NOT previously Israeli citizen

ï           Making aliyah for first time

ï           Parent making aliyah or child alone (older teens)

Israeli Child (Never Left):

ï           Born and raised in Israel

ï           Never lived abroad

ï           Standard Israeli child

ï           No special process needed

Ezrach Oleh (Adult):

ï           18 years or older

ï           Previously Israeli citizen

ï           Returning from abroad

ï           No longer minor

Key Distinctions: Katin Chozer vs. Child Making Aliyah

Similarities:

ï           Both receive citizenship

ï           Both get free education

ï           Both have healthcare

ï           Both face military service

ï           Both need Hebrew support

ï           Both integrating into Israeli society

Differences:

Katin Chozer:

ï           Faster process (already citizen)

ï           Simpler documentation (don't prove Jewish eligibility)

ï           May have some Israeli records already

ï           Parents don't receive financial benefits (unless parent also making aliyah)

ï           No customs exemptions

ï           No new immigrant tax benefits for parents

Child Making Aliyah:

ï           Parents receive sal klita (absorption money)

ï           Parents receive tax benefits

ï           Customs exemptions

ï           More extensive integration programs

ï           Financial support for setup

ï           Must prove Jewish eligibility

ï           Longer application process

ï           More documentation required

Financial Impact Example:

ï           Family with 2 children making new aliyah: ~$20,000-30,000 NIS in benefits

ï           Family with 2 children as katin chozer: $0 in aliyah benefits (but same education/healthcare)

When It Matters:

ï           If family needs financial support for absorption, making new aliyah better

ï           If family financially independent, katin chozer faster and simpler

ï           Cannot choose - status determined by previous citizenship

COUNTRY-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE

 United States

Israeli Consulates:

ï           New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Houston, Chicago, San Francisco, Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta

ï           Schedule appointment online

ï           Jurisdiction by state of residence

Documents:

ï           FBI check for parent (with apostille, Hebrew translation)

ï           State birth certificates (with state apostille)

ï           English documents acceptable (except FBI check)

Education Considerations:

ï           US academic year: September-June

ï           Israeli academic year: September-June (similar)

ï           Timing: Best to move during summer

ï           Credits: High school credits may not transfer well

Common Schools for Returning Israelis:

ï           Major cities have concentrations

ï           Research neighborhoods with good absorption programs

ï           International schools available but expensive

Programs:

ï           Garin Tzabar for future military service

ï           Teen programs through Jewish organizations

ï           Summer programs for pre-move exposure

Contact:

ï           Nefesh B'Nefesh may assist even for katin chozer (primarily for new aliyah but helpful)

 United Kingdom

Israeli Embassy:

ï           London Consular Section

ï           Contact for appointment

ï           Serves all of UK

Documents:

ï           ACRO check for parent (with FCDO apostille, Hebrew translation)

ï           GRO birth certificates acceptable

ï           English documents acceptable

Education:

ï           UK academic year: September-July

ï           Israeli academic year: September-June

ï           A-levels vs. Bagrut (very different systems)

ï           GCSE age students may find transition easier

Jewish Community:

ï           Large established community

ï           Many families have returned before

ï           Resources and advice available

Contact:

ï           Embassy: +44 (0)20 7957 9500

 Canada

Israeli Consulates:

ï           Toronto (serves Ontario and Western Canada)

ï           Montreal (serves Quebec and Eastern Canada)

Documents:

ï           RCMP check for parent (with Global Affairs apostille, Hebrew translation)

ï           Provincial birth certificates (may need two-step authentication)

ï           English acceptable (except criminal check)

ï           Quebec: French documents acceptable but Hebrew translation for criminal check

Education:

ï           Canadian academic year: September-June

ï           High school credits may transfer better than some countries

ï           Ontario vs. Quebec systems differ

Contact:

ï           Toronto: (416) 640-8500

ï           Montreal: (514) 940-8500

 South Africa

Israeli Embassy:

ï           Pretoria (with consular services in Johannesburg)

Documents:

ï           SAPS clearance for parent (with DIRCO apostille, Hebrew translation) - START EARLY!

ï           Unabridged birth certificates required

ï           English acceptable

Special Considerations:

ï           Large South African community in Israel

ï           Established absorption networks

ï           Schools with many SA children

ï           Support systems

Challenges:

ï           SAPS clearances take 4-12 weeks

ï           Home Affairs delays common

ï           Start document process early

Resources:

ï           SAZF (South African Zionist Federation)

◦           Johannesburg: (011) 645-2500

◦           Cape Town: (021) 464-6700

ï           Helpful with katin chozer process

ï           Connection to Israeli schools

Contact:

ï           Embassy: +27 (0)12 470 3500

 Australia & New Zealand

Israeli Embassy:

ï           Canberra (Australia)

ï           Wellington (New Zealand)

ï           Consulate in Sydney

Documents:

ï           AFP check (Australia) or MoJ check (NZ) with apostille

ï           Hebrew translation required

ï           English documents acceptable

Education:

ï           Southern hemisphere academic year (Feb-Dec)

ï           Timing complicated (opposite seasons)

ï           Consider moving during Israeli summer (Australian winter)

Contact:

ï           Sydney: +61 (0)2 9388 0000

ï           Wellington: +64 (0)4 439 9500

FINAL CHECKLIST

Complete Document Checklist for Katin Chozer

For the Child

Proof of Israeli Citizenship (at least one):

ï           [ ] Israeli passport (darkon) - even if expired

ï           [ ] Israeli teudat zehut (ID card) - even if expired

ï           [ ] Israeli birth certificate (if born in Israel)

ï           [ ] Consulate registration certificate (if born abroad)

ï           [ ] Parents' Israeli documents (proving child's eligibility)

Current Documents:

ï           [ ] Current foreign passport (valid 6+ months)

ï           [ ] Foreign birth certificate (with apostille)

ï           [ ] Passport photos (4-6, Israeli standard 5cm x 5cm)

ï           [ ] School records (if school age)

ï           [ ] Medical records

ï           [ ] Immunization records

For Parents

Parent's Documents:

ï           [ ] Parent's Israeli citizenship proof (if Israeli)

ï           [ ] Parent's current passport

ï           [ ] Marriage certificate (with apostille)

ï           [ ] Criminal background check (with apostille + Hebrew translation)

ï           [ ] Proof of residence (2+ documents)

Parental Authority:

ï           [ ] Both parents' consent (if applicable)

ï           [ ] Notarized consent letter from non-relocating parent

ï           [ ] Custody documents (if divorced/separated)

ï           [ ] Court orders (if applicable)

ï           [ ] Death certificate (if widowed)

Special Situations If Adopted:

ï           [ ] Final adoption decree (with apostille)

ï           [ ] Court orders establishing parentage

If Special Needs:

ï           [ ] Medical evaluations

ï           [ ] Educational assessments

ï           [ ] IEP/504 plans

ï           [ ] Therapy records

If High School Age:

ï           [ ] School transcripts (with apostille)

ï           [ ] Course descriptions

ï           [ ] Standardized test scores

ï           [ ] Academic records

Organization

ï           [ ] Complete photocopies of all documents

ï           [ ] Digital scans (high resolution)

ï           [ ] Document inventory list

ï           [ ] All documents organized by person

ï           [ ] Apostilles attached to correct documents

ï           [ ] Translations attached to criminal checks

ï           [ ] Ready for submission

RESOURCES AND SUPPORT

Israeli Government

Ministry of Interior:

ï           Website: www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_interior

ï           Population and Immigration Authority

ï           Local branches throughout Israel

Ministry of Education:

ï           School registration

ï           Ulpan programs

ï           Special education

Ministry of Defense:

ï           Military service information

ï           Draft office (Lishkat Giyus)

By Country

United States

Israeli Consulates: www.embassies.gov.il **Nefesh B'Nefesh: **(212) 805-0444 (may assist with questions)

United Kingdom

**Israeli Embassy London: **+44 (0)20 7957 9500

Canada

**Toronto: **(416) 640-8500 **Montreal: **(514) 940-8500

South Africa

**Embassy: **+27 (0)12 470 3500 **SAZF: www.sazf.org

Support Organizations

For Returning Youth:

ï           Garin Tzabar (military preparation)

ï           Ami (support for returning families)

ï           Local absorption centers

ï           School counseling services

Mental Health:

ï           School psychologists

ï           Private therapists familiar with returning children

ï           Support groups

CONCLUSION

Key Takeaways

Katin Chozer Process:

1.        **Simpler than new aliyah **(already citizens)
2.        **Faster processing **(2-4 months typical)
3.        **Fewer documents needed **(no Jewish identity proof)
4.        **Full citizen rights **(immediate upon return)
5.        **Age matters significantly **(younger = easier integration)
6.        **Military service ahead **(at age 18)
7.        **Parental consent critical **(both parents must agree)
8.        **No financial benefits **(unless parent making new aliyah)

Most Important Factors:

1.  Child's Age:

ï           Under 13: Easier integration, more time before military service

ï           13-15: Moderate challenges, manageable

ï           16-17: Very challenging, consider timing carefully

2.  Parental Agreement:

ï           Both parents must consent

ï           Custody issues must be resolved

ï           No proceeding without legal authorization

3.  Education Planning:

ï           Research schools in advance

ï           Understand Hebrew support available

ï           Academic challenges, especially high school

4.  Military Service Awareness:

ï           Drafted at 18 if in Israel

ï           Prepare child mentally

ï           Support programs available

Timeline Summary

Complete Process:

ï           **Preparation: **2-4 months

ï           **Application: **2-4 weeks

ï           **Approval: **2-6 weeks

ï           **Setup in Israel: **2-4 weeks

ï           **Initial integration: **3-6 months

ï           **Total: **4-8 months typically

Cost Summary

Documentation Costs:

ï           Birth certificates, apostilles: $100-300

ï           Criminal check + apostille + translation: $150-300

ï           Photos, copies, shipping: $50-100

ï           **Total: $300-700 **typically

Much less than regular aliyah process!

Next Steps

1.  Confirm Eligibility:

ï           Verify child's Israeli citizenship

ï           Locate proof documents

ï           Assess family situation

2.  Contact Consulate:

ï           Schedule consultation

ï           Get specific requirements

ï           Clarify any questions

3.  Plan Timing:

ï           Consider child's age

ï           Academic calendar

ï           Family readiness

ï           Military service implications

4.  Gather Documents:

ï           Citizenship proof

ï           Current documents

ï           Parental consents

ï           Criminal checks

5.  Submit Application:

ï           Complete file

ï           Both parents involved

ï           Follow up regularly

6.  Prepare for Move:

ï           Research schools

ï           Housing plans

ï           Financial preparation

ï           Emotional preparation

Final Advice

For Parents:

ï           Consider your child's age carefully

ï           Involve them in planning (age-appropriate)

ï           Prepare for educational challenges

ï           Plan for Hebrew support

ï           Understand military service reality

ï           Address custody issues properly

ï           Start document process early

For Children:

ï           Learning Hebrew is critical

ï           Be open to new experiences

ï           Connect with other returning kids

ï           Give yourself time to adjust

ï           It's normal to struggle at first

ï           Use available support systems

Common Concerns:

"Will my child adapt?"

ï           Most children do, especially younger ones

ï           Support systems available

ï           Time and patience needed

ï           Hebrew is key "What about high school?"

ï           Challenging but manageable

ï           Extra support available

ï           Consider timing carefully

ï           International school option exists "Military service - is it required?"

ï           Yes, if living in Israel at 18

ï           Support programs for returning youth

ï           Part of Israeli life

ï           Many find it valuable

Remember

**Israeli citizenship is permanent. **Your child will always be Israeli and can always return. The question is timing - when is best for your family and your child's needs.

**This is a significant decision. **Take time to consider carefully, involve your child appropriately, plan thoroughly, and seek support.

**You're not alone. **Thousands of families go through this process. Resources and support are available.

B'hatzlacha (good luck) on your family's return to Israel!

**Document Version: **October 2025

Always verify current requirements with your local Israeli consulate as policies may change.

Updated on: 01/02/2026