Criminal Background Checks for Aliyah -

Comprehensive Guide

USA (FBI), UK (ACRO), Canada, South Africa Overview

Criminal background checks are **mandatory **for virtually all aliyah applications. The State of Israel

requires security screening on all potential immigrants to ensure public safety and national security. Each country has its own system, processes, and nuances.

This comprehensive guide covers the four most common origin countries for English-speaking olim:

**1.        United States **- FBI Criminal History Check

**2.        United Kingdom **- ACRO Police Certificate

**3.        Canada **- RCMP Criminal Record Check

**4.        South Africa **- SAPS Police Clearance Certificate

PART 1: UNITED STATES - FBI CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK

FBI System Overview

**Agency: **Federal Bureau of Investigation - Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division

**Location: **Clarksburg, West Virginia

**Database: **National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and Interstate Identification Index (III)

**Coverage: **Federal crimes and interstate crimes reported by state/local agencies

What the FBI Check Shows

Included Information:

ï           Federal criminal convictions

ï           State convictions reported to FBI

ï           Interstate crimes

ï           Arrests with dispositions

ï           Court outcomes

ï           Sentencing information

ï           Probation/parole completion

ï           Pending federal charges

What It Does NOT Show:

ï           Purely local offenses not reported to FBI

ï           Traffic violations (minor)

ï           Sealed juvenile records (usually)

ï           Expunged records (usually, but not always)

ï           Civil infractions

ï           Arrests without disposition (sometimes)

**Important: **The FBI database is not comprehensive of ALL state/local arrests. This is why state background checks are also required.

Types of FBI Checks

1.  Identity History Summary (Standard)

ï           For personal use

ï           Most common for aliyah

ï           Shows all recorded criminal history

ï           Official FBI document

2.  FBI Background Check (Through Channeler)

ï           Same information

ï           Faster processing

ï           Third-party approved service

ï           More expensive

3.  Fingerprint-Based Check

ï           Most accurate

ï           Matches fingerprints to database

ï           Required for official purposes

ï           Cannot be faked

How to Obtain FBI Check

Method 1: FBI-Approved Channeler (Recommended - Fastest) Step-by-Step:

1.              Choose Approved Channeler

◦                    List at: https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/identity-history-summary-checks

◦                    Popular services:

▪                    Fieldprint/IDEMIA

▪                    Accurate Biometrics

▪                    National Background Check

▪                    Others (check FBI website)

2.              Create Account

◦                    Visit channeler website

◦                    Register with email

◦                    Verify identity

◦                    Select "Identity History Summary"

3.              Get Fingerprinted

◦                    Schedule appointment at authorized location

◦                    Bring photo ID

◦                    Digital fingerprinting (electronic)

◦                    Takes 5-10 minutes

◦                    Locations:

▪                    UPS stores (many)

▪                    FedEx locations (some)

▪                    Police departments

▪                    Channeler offices

▪                    Private fingerprinting services

4.              Complete Application

◦                    Full legal name

◦                    All names used (maiden names, aliases)

◦                    Date of birth

◦                    Place of birth

◦                    Social Security Number

◦                    Current address

◦                    Purpose: "Immigration to Israel"

5.              Payment

◦                    Credit/debit card

◦                    Cost: $30-50 (varies by channeler)

◦                    FBI processing fee included

◦                    Service fee for channeler

6.              Receive Results

◦                    Email delivery: 3-5 business days typically

◦                    PDF format

◦                    Official FBI document

◦                    Can be printed on regular paper

◦                    Keep digital copy

Method 2: Direct to FBI (Slowest, Cheapest)

Step-by-Step:

1.              Obtain Fingerprint Card

◦                    FD-258 card

◦                    Available from:

▪                    FBI website (download instructions)

▪                    Local police station

▪                    Office supply stores

▪                    Online retailers

2.              Get Fingerprinted on Card

◦                    Local police department (usually free or $10-20)

◦                    Private fingerprinting service

◦                    Must be clear, high-quality prints

◦                    Rejected if smudged or unclear

3.              Complete Application

◦                    Download form from FBI website

◦                    Fill out completely

◦                    Include all required information

◦                    Sign and date

4.              Payment

◦                    Credit card information, OR

◦                    Money order/cashier's check for $18

◦                    Payable to "Treasury of the United States"

◦                    No personal checks accepted

5.              Mail Package

◦                    FBI CJIS Division

◦                    1000 Custer Hollow Road

◦                    Clarksburg, WV 26306

◦                    Include:

▪                    Completed fingerprint card

▪                    Application form

▪                    Payment

◦                    Use certified mail (recommended)

◦                    Keep tracking number

6.              Wait for Results

◦                    Processing: 8-12 weeks typically

◦                    Can be longer during busy periods

◦                    Mailed to address provided

◦                    No tracking available

◦                    Must wait patiently

State Background Checks (USA)

Also Required:

ï           FBI check alone is NOT sufficient

ï           Must have state background checks

ï           From EACH state you lived in

ï           Duration threshold: typically 6+ months

Which States:

ï           Every state you resided in as adult

ï           States where you attended college

ï           States where you worked

ï           Childhood states (sometimes)

ï           Check with Jewish Agency

How to Obtain State Checks

Process Varies by State:

Example States:

California:

ï           Agency: California Department of Justice

ï           Website: https://oag.ca.gov/fingerprints

ï           Method: Live Scan (electronic fingerprinting)

ï           Cost: $32 + rolling fee

ï           Processing: 3-5 business days

ï           Result: Mailed or emailed

New York:

ï           Agency: NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services

ï           Website: https://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov

ï           Method: Online application + fingerprints

ï           Cost: $50-75

ï           Processing: 2-4 weeks

ï           Result: Mailed

Florida:

ï           Agency: Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)

ï           Website: https://www.fdle.state.fl.us

ï           Method: Online or in-person

ï           Cost: $24

ï           Processing: 3-10 business days

ï           Result: Emailed or mailed

Texas:

ï           Agency: Texas Department of Public Safety

ï           Website: https://www.dps.texas.gov

ï           Method: Online with fingerprints

ï           Cost: $50

ï           Processing: 2-3 weeks

ï           Result: Mailed

Illinois:

ï           Agency: Illinois State Police

ï           Website: https://www.isp.state.il.us

ï           Method: In-person or online

ï           Cost: $20

ï           Processing: 1-2 weeks

ï           Result: Picked up or mailed

General State Check Process:

1.              Visit State Website

◦                    Search "[State] criminal background check"

◦                    Find official state agency site

◦                    Look for "civilian" or "personal" background check

2.              Determine Method

◦                    Online application

◦                    Mail-in application

◦                    In-person at state office

◦                    Varies by state

3.              Fingerprints

◦                    Some states require

◦                    Some don't (name-based)

◦                    Electronic or card

◦                    Follow state instructions

4.              Apply and Pay

◦                    Complete application

◦                    Provide identification

◦                    Pay state fee ($15-75 typical)

◦                    Submit

5.              Receive Results

◦                    Processing: 3 days to 6 weeks

◦                    Delivery method varies

◦                    Keep certified copies

Apostille for USA Documents

What is Apostille:

ï           Authentication for international use

ï           Verifies document is genuine

ï           Required under Hague Convention

ï           Makes document legally valid abroad

For FBI Check:

ï           Apostille from: U.S. Department of State

ï           Washington, DC office

ï           Cost: $8 per document

ï           Processing: 3-6 weeks

ï           Required for some aliyah applications

How to Obtain Federal Apostille:

1.              Prepare FBI Document

◦                    Original FBI check

◦                    Must have original signature

◦                    Recent issue (within 6 months preferred)

2.              Submit to DOS

◦                    Office of Authentications

◦                    U.S. Department of State

◦                    600 19th Street NW

◦                    Washington, DC 20006

3.              Include

◦                    Cover letter requesting apostille

◦                    Self-addressed prepaid envelope

◦                    Payment ($8 money order)

◦                    Contact information

4.              Or Use Service

◦                    Private apostille services available

◦                    Faster processing

◦                    Higher cost ($50-150)

◦                    Handle submission for you

For State Checks:

ï           Apostille from: State's Secretary of State

ï           Each state has own process

ï           Cost: $5-50 per document

ï           Processing: 1-4 weeks

ï           Required for international use

State Apostille Process:

1.              Obtain State Background Check

◦                    Original document

◦                    Must be recent

◦                    Official state seal

2.              Request Apostille

◦                    Submit to Secretary of State

◦                    Include cover letter

◦                    State the purpose

◦                    Provide payment

3.              Methods

◦                    Mail (slowest)

◦                    In-person (faster, if available)

◦                    Service company (easiest)

4.              Receive Apostilled Document

◦                    Apostille attached to original

◦                    Both returned together

◦                    Keep safe - this is final document

USA: What Appears on Background Check

Criminal History Shown:

ï           Date of arrest

ï           Arresting agency

ï           Charges filed

ï           Court of jurisdiction

ï           Disposition (outcome):

◦           Convicted

◦           Acquitted

◦           Dismissed

◦           Pending

◦           Deferred adjudication

ï           Sentence imposed

ï           Completion status

Example Entry:

ARREST: 03/15/2010

AGENCY: Chicago Police Department CHARGE: Theft - Class A Misdemeanor COURT: Cook County Circuit Court DISPOSITION: Convicted, 06/20/2010 SENTENCE: Probation 12 months, Fine $500 COMPLETION: 06/20/2011

 
### USA: Expunged and Sealed Records
 
**Expungement:**
-  Court orders record destroyed/sealed
-  Should not appear on background check
-  BUT: Sometimes still in database
-  FBI may still have record
 
**Sealed Records:**
-  Records exist but not public
-  Usually don't appear
-  May appear on FBI check
-  Varies by jurisdiction
 
**Juvenile Records:**
-  Usually automatically sealed at 18
-  Typically don't appear
-  Serious offenses may remain
-  State-dependent

**Problem:** Even expunged records sometimes appear on FBI checks due to:
-  Database lags
-  Interagency communication issues
-  Federal vs. state record keeping
 
**If Expunged Record Appears:**
-  Disclose to aliyah authorities
-  Provide court order of expungement
-  Explain situation
-  Should not count against you
-  Shows you followed legal process ### USA Processing Times
**FBI Check:**
-  Channeler: 3-5 business days
-  Direct to FBI: 8-12 weeks
-  Busy periods can add time
 
**State Checks:**
-  Fast states: 3-5 days
- Average: 1-2 weeks
-  Slow states: 4-6 weeks
-  Varies significantly
 
**Apostille:**
-  Federal: 3-6 weeks
-  State: 1-4 weeks
-  Expedited services: 1-2 weeks (extra cost)
 
**Total Timeline (USA):**
-  Fastest: 2-3 weeks (all channelers, no apostille)
- Average: 6-10 weeks
-  Slowest: 16-20 weeks (direct FBI, multiple slow states, apostilles)
 
**Recommendation:** Start 6-9 months before aliyah ### USA Costs Summary
| Item | Cost Range |
|------|------------ |
| FBI (channeler) | $30-50 |
| FBI (direct) | $18 |
| Fingerprinting | $10-50 |
| State checks (each) | $15-75 |
| Multiple states (3-5) | $45-375 |
| Federal apostille | $8 |
| State apostille (each) | $5-50 |
| Expedited services | $50-200 |
| **Total (clean record, 3 states)** | **$150-500** |
| **With apostilles and expediting** | **$300-800** |

### USA: Special Considerations
 
**Multiple Names:**
-  Married name changes
-  Legal name changes
- Aliases used
-  Report all names on application
 
**Social Security Number:**
-  Required for accurate search
-  Helps distinguish you from others
-  Protects privacy (partially redacted on final document)
 
**Common Names:**
-  "John Smith" problems
-  May take longer to verify
-  Provide additional ID
-  Middle names help
 
**Military Service:**
-  Military criminal records
-  Court martial
- Article 15
-  May or may not be in FBI database
-  Obtain separate military records if needed
 
**Federal Employees:**
-  May have additional clearances
-  FBI check still required
-  Security clearance ≠ background check for aliyah
 
**U.S. Territories:**
-  Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, etc.
-  May need separate checks
-  Contact territory police
-  FBI check may not cover
 
---
 
## PART 2: UNITED KINGDOM - ACRO POLICE CERTIFICATE
 
### ACRO System Overview
 
**Agency:** ACRO Criminal Records Office
**Location:** Hampshire, England
**Database:** Police National Computer (PNC)
**Coverage:** England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
**Established:** Originally as ACPO CRO, now ACRO
 
**Key Difference from FBI:** Name and date of birth based, not fingerprint-based ### What ACRO Certificate Shows

**Included Information:**
-  Convictions (unspent and some spent)
-  Cautions
-  Reprimands (youth)
-  Final warnings (youth)
-  Conditional cautions
-  Community resolutions (sometimes)
 
**Filtering Applied:**
-  Old minor convictions may not appear
-  Single offense + time elapsed = filtered
-  Serious crimes always shown
-  Multiple offenses usually shown
 
**What It Does NOT Show:**
-  Minor motoring offenses (speeding, parking)
-  Fixed penalty notices
-  Penalty notices for disorder
-  Filtered/protected convictions
-  Very old spent single minor offenses
 
### UK Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974
 
**Understanding Spent Convictions:**
 
The UK has a rehabilitation period after which convictions become "spent" (considered rehabilitated). Spent convictions may not appear on standard disclosure.
 
**Rehabilitation Periods (Post-2014 Rules):**
 
| Sentence | Adult Rehabilitation | Youth (under 18) Rehabilitation |
|----------|---------------------|-------------------------------- |
| Custodial 4+ years | Never spent | Never spent |
| Custodial 2.5-4 years | 7 years | 3.5 years |
| Custodial 1-2.5 years | 4 years | 2 years |
| Custodial 6-12 months | 2 years | 18 months |
| Custodial up to 6 months | 18 months | 12 months |
| Community order | 1 year | 6 months |
| Fine | 1 year | 6 months |
| Conditional discharge | Period of discharge | Half period of discharge |
| Absolute discharge | Immediate | Immediate |
| Simple caution | Immediate | Immediate |
| Conditional caution | 3 months | 3 months |
| Youth caution | Immediate | Immediate |
| Youth conditional caution | 3 months | 3 months |
 
**Important Notes:**
-  Time starts from END of sentence (including license/probation)
- Additional time for suspended sentences
-  Multiple convictions = longer rehabilitation periods

### Filtering Rules - What Won't Appear
 
**Protected Convictions (Generally Won't Show):**
 
**Must meet ALL criteria:**
1.  Only conviction on record (or only caution)
2.  Did not result in custodial sentence
3. At least 11 years since conviction (5.5 years if under 18 at time)
4.  Not on list of specified/serious offenses
 
**Always Shown (Never Filtered):**
-  Sexual offenses
-  Violent offenses
-  Safeguarding offenses (children/vulnerable adults)
-  Terrorism offenses
-  Drug trafficking
- Arson with intent
-  Firearms offenses
-  Prison sentence 4+ years
-  Multiple convictions
-  Recent offenses
 
**Example Scenarios:**
 
**Scenario 1 - Will Be Filtered:**
-  Single shoplifting conviction, age 19
-  Fine £100
-  12 years ago
-  No other convictions
-  Result: "NO TRACE"
 
**Scenario 2 - Will NOT Be Filtered:**
- Assault causing bodily harm
- Any time period
-  Result: Shows on certificate
 
**Scenario 3 - Will NOT Be Filtered:**
-  Theft conviction #1 (14 years ago)
-  Theft conviction #2 (10 years ago)
-  Result: Both show (multiple convictions) ### How to Obtain ACRO Certificate #### Online Application (Recommended)
**Step-by-Step:**
 
1.  **Visit ACRO Website**
-  [https://www.acro.police.uk](https://www.acro.police.uk/)
-  Click "Apply for Police Certificate"
-  Select certificate type: "Police Certificate"
-  Choose: "Step 1 Filtering" (standard)

2.  **Create Account**
-  Email address
-  Password
-  Verify email
 
3.  **Complete Application Form**
-  Personal details:
-  Full name
- All previous names (maiden names, aliases)
-  Date of birth
-  Place of birth (town/city and country)
-  Nationality
-  Gender
-  Identity documents:
-  Passport number
-  National Insurance number (if applicable)
-  Driving license (if applicable)
- Address history:
-  Current address
- All UK addresses (last 10 years)
-  Dates at each address
-  Purpose: "Immigration to Israel"
-  Consent and declaration
 
4.  **Upload Documents**
-  Passport photo page (color scan/photo)
-  Must be clear
- All details visible
-  Current passport
-  Proof of current address:
-  Utility bill (last 3 months)
-  Bank statement (last 3 months)
-  Council tax bill
-  Official letter
-  If overseas:
-  Previous UK address
-  Current overseas address proof
-  Reason for application
 
5.  **Payment**
-  Cost: £55
-  Debit/credit card
-  Secure online payment
-  Receipt emailed
 
6.  **Submit Application**
-  Review all information
-  Confirm accuracy
-  Submit
-  Receive application reference number
-  Save confirmation email

7.  **Processing**
-  Standard: 10-15 working days
-  Busy periods: Up to 20 working days
-  No way to expedite
-  Email updates if issues
 
8.  **Receive Certificate**
-  Mailed to registered address
-  Cannot be emailed
-  Must be your address (not P.O. box)
-  Sign for delivery (tracked post) #### Postal Application (Alternative)
**If Cannot Apply Online:**
 
1.  **Download Form**
- ACRO website
-  "Postal Application Form"
-  Print clearly
 
2.  **Complete Form**
-  By hand in black ink
-  Block capitals
-  Legible
- All sections
 
3.  **Gather Documents**
-  Certified copies of:
-  Passport photo page
-  Proof of address
-  Birth certificate (if no passport)
-  Original documents not returned
-  Certified by solicitor, bank, or post office
 
4.  **Payment**
-  Postal order or bank draft
- £55
-  Payable to "ACRO Criminal Records Office"
-  No personal checks
-  No cash
 
5.  **Mail Application**
- ACRO Criminal Records Office
-  PO Box 481
-  Fareham
-  Hampshire
-  PO14 9FS
-  United Kingdom
-  Use tracked mail
-  Keep proof of postage

6.  **Processing**
-  15-20 working days
-  Longer than online
-  No tracking available
-  Mailed when complete ### UK Address History
**Requirements:**
- All UK addresses last 10 years
-  Start and end dates
-  Include gaps (explain)
-  Overseas periods noted
 
**Common Situations:**
 
**University Students:**
-  Term-time addresses
-  Home addresses
-  Summer placements
-  Study abroad excluded
 
**Frequent Movers:**
-  Best estimates acceptable
-  Month and year minimum
-  Brief stays (1-2 months) can be grouped
-  Explain in notes section
 
**Can't Remember:**
- Approximate location
-  Employer address if worked there
-  University address
-  Parents' address
-  Electoral roll (check online)
-  Old bank statements ### Name Changes (UK)
**Must Declare All Previous Names:**
-  Maiden names
-  Married names
-  Deed poll changes
-  Legal name changes
-  Nicknames used officially
- Aliases
 
**Provide Documentation:**
-  Marriage certificate
-  Deed poll
-  Divorce decree (if name restored)
-  Gender recognition certificate

- Any official name change documents
 
**Search Conducted Under All Names:**
-  Ensures complete record
-  Prevents missed convictions
-  Protects identity accuracy ### ACRO Certificate Format
**Document Contains:**
 
**Header:**
- ACRO logo
-  "POLICE CERTIFICATE" title
-  Certificate reference number
-  Date of issue
 
**Applicant Details:**
-  Full name
- Also known as (previous names)
-  Date of birth
-  Place of birth
-  Nationality
-  Passport number
-  National Insurance number (if provided)
-  Certificate purpose
 
**Certificate Statement:**
 
**If Clean Record:**

NO TRACE

A search has been conducted of the records held on the Police National Computer for recordable convictions, cautions, reprimands and final warnings in the name of the above applicant.

The search revealed NO recordable convictions, cautions, reprimands or final warnings held in this name as of [date].

 
**If Convictions Found:**

RECORDABLE CONVICTIONS/CAUTIONS:

Date: [Date]

Court/Police Force: [Name] Offense: [Description] - [Act] Disposal: [Sentence/Caution type]

[Additional convictions listed similarly]

The above represents convictions and cautions that are not eligible for filtering under current legislation.

 
**Important Information Section:**
-  Scope of search
-  Limitations (what's not included)
-  Filtering explanation
-  Verification instructions
-  Contact details
 
**Authentication:**
- Authorized signature
- ACRO stamp/seal
-  Date signed
-  Official status
 
### UK Processing Times
 
**Standard Processing:**
-  Online: 10-15 working days (typical)
-  Postal: 15-20 working days (typical)
-  Can be faster: 5-7 days (sometimes)
-  Can be slower: 20-25 days (busy periods)
 
**Busy Periods:**
-  Summer (June-September)
-  Post-Christmas (January-February)
-  Can add 5-10 days
 
**Delays Caused By:**
-  Common names (John Smith)
-  Multiple address history
-  Name changes (multiple)
-  Document issues
-  Payment problems
-  Incomplete information
 
**No Expedited Service:**
-  Cannot pay for rush
-  Cannot call to expedite
-  Must wait standard time
-  Plan accordingly
 
### Apostille for UK Documents
 
**Generally NOT Required:**
-  UK to Israel relationship
-  Both countries recognize documents
-  Israel accepts ACRO certificates as-is

-  Translation usually not needed (English accepted)
 
**When Might Be Required:**
-  Complex cases
-  Specifically requested by Jewish Agency
-  Legal proceedings
-  Multiple citizenship situations
 
**If Needed:**
 
**UK Document Legalization:**
-  Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO)
-  Legalisation Office
-  Milton Keynes
-  Online application
-  Cost: £30 per document
-  Processing: 3-4 weeks standard
 
**Process:**
1.  Obtain original ACRO certificate
2. Apply online at FCDO website
3.  Mail document to legalisation office
4.  Receive apostilled document back
5.  Submit to Israel
 
**Alternative:** Use professional service (£50-100 total) ### UK Costs Summary
| Item | Cost |
|------|------ |
| ACRO certificate | £55 (~$70) |
| Document certification (if postal) | £5-20 |
| Apostille (if needed) | £30 |
| Translation (if needed) | £50-150 |
| Expedited apostille service (private) | £50-100 |
| **Total (standard, no apostille)** | **£55-75 ($70-95)** |
| **With apostille** | **£85-105 ($110-135)** | ### UK Special Considerations
**Non-UK Nationals Who Lived in UK:**
-  Still need ACRO if resided in UK
-  Provide visa/residence documents
-  Evidence of time in UK
-  University enrollment letter
-  Employment letter
-  Tenancy agreements
 
**International Students:**
-  1+ year typically requires certificate
-  Even if only student visa

-  University term = residence
-  Provide enrollment proof
-  Student housing counts
 
**Multiple UK Residencies:**
-  Left UK and returned
-  List all periods
-  Explain gaps
-  Timeline of residences
-  Cumulative time counts
 
**Scottish Records:**
-  Scotland has separate legal system
-  Different offense names
-  Different court structures
-  BUT: All included in ACRO
-  Single certificate covers all UK
 
**Northern Ireland:**
-  Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI)
-  Different from mainland
- AccessNI for local checks
-  BUT: ACRO for overseas
-  Included in ACRO search
 
**Crown Dependencies:**
-  Jersey, Guernsey, Isle of Man
-  NOT covered by ACRO
-  Separate jurisdictions
-  Need separate police certificates
- Apply to local police directly
 
**British Overseas Territories:**
-  Cayman Islands, Bermuda, Gibraltar, etc.
-  NOT covered by ACRO
-  Separate applications needed
-  Contact territory police
 
### Disclosure Considerations (UK)
 
**Must Disclose to Israel:**
- Anything shown on ACRO certificate
-  Pending charges
- Anything you know about
 
**Filtered Convictions:**
-  If filtered = not on certificate
-  Generally don't need to volunteer
-  BUT if asked "ever convicted" - answer honestly
-  Conservative approach: disclose with explanation
 
**Spent Convictions:**

-  If shown on ACRO = must disclose
-  If filtered and not shown = case by case
-  Be honest if specifically asked
-  Rehabilitation of Offenders Act doesn't apply to immigration ### UK Common Issues and Solutions
**Issue 1: Common Name**
-  Example: "John Smith" + common DOB
-  Many records to check
-  Solution: Provide additional ID, middle names, all addresses, be patient
 
**Issue 2: Can't Remember Addresses**
-  Solution: Check electoral roll online, old bank statements, ask parents/landlords, approximate okay
 
**Issue 3: Certificate Shows Unexpected Offense**
-  Thought it was filtered
-  Solution: Understand filtering rules, may not meet criteria, disclose with explanation
 
**Issue 4: Document Lost in Mail**
-  Solution: Contact ACRO, request duplicate (fee), provide reference number, update address
 
**Issue 5: Application Delayed**
-  Solution: Check processing times, email ACRO with reference, be patient, apply earlier next time
 
---
 
## PART 3: CANADA - RCMP CRIMINAL RECORD CHECK
 
### Canadian System Overview
 
**Agency:** Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
**System:** Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC)
**Coverage:** All of Canada (federal system)
**Type:** Certified Criminal Record Check
 
**Key Feature:** Canada has unified national system under RCMP ### What RCMP Check Shows
**Included Information:**
-  Criminal convictions in Canada
- Absolute and conditional discharges
-  Outstanding charges
-  Warrants
-  Peace bonds (sometimes)
-  Probation orders
-  Parole status
 
**What It Does NOT Show:**
-  Pardoned offenses (Record Suspensions)

-  Provincial offenses (minor)
-  Traffic violations
-  Youth records (sealed at age)
-  U.S. or international crimes
 
### Canadian Criminal Records and Pardons
 
**Record Suspension (Pardon):**
-  Formerly called "Pardon"
-  Seals criminal record
- After waiting period:
-  Summary conviction: 5 years after sentence
-  Indictable offense: 10 years after sentence
-  If pardoned: will not appear on standard check
 
**Youth Records:**
-  Youth Criminal Justice Act
-  Records sealed after period
- Access periods vary by offense
-  Generally not shown on adult checks
 
**Discharge:**
- Absolute discharge: Record purged after 1 year
-  Conditional discharge: Record purged after 3 years
-  May or may not appear depending on timing
 
### How to Obtain RCMP Criminal Record Check #### Online Application (Fastest)
**Step-by-Step:**
 
1.  **Visit RCMP Website**
-  [https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/criminal-record-checks](https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/criminal-record-checks)
-  Click "Apply for a Criminal Record Check"
-  Select "Certified Criminal Record Check"
-  Choose: "For employment or immigration outside Canada"
 
2.  **Create Account**
-  Email and password
-  Verify email
-  Log in to portal
 
3.  **Complete Application**
-  Personal information:
-  Full legal name
- All names used (including maiden names, aliases)
-  Date of birth
-  Place of birth (city, province, country)
-  Gender
-  Height, weight, eye color
-  Contact information:

-  Current address
-  Phone number
-  Email
-  Identification:
-  Driver's license number (if applicable)
-  Social Insurance Number (if applicable)
-  Previous addresses (5 years)
-  Reason for request: "Immigration to Israel"
 
4.  **Identity Verification**
-  Two pieces of valid Canadian government-issued ID
-  Examples:
-  Canadian passport
-  Canadian driver's license
-  Canadian citizenship card
-  Permanent Resident card
-  Provincial ID card
-  Upload clear color scans
-  Both sides if applicable
 
5.  **Fingerprints (Usually Required)**
-  Electronic fingerprinting
-  Must visit accredited agency
-  Locations across Canada
-  Book appointment
-  Bring ID
-  Cost: $25-50 (separate fee)
-  Fingerprints submitted electronically to RCMP
 
6.  **Payment**
-  Cost: $25 CAD (processing fee)
-  Credit/debit card
-  Online payment
-  Plus fingerprinting fee
 
7.  **Processing**
-  Standard: 2-3 weeks
-  With fingerprints: 3-4 weeks
-  Can be longer if issues
-  Email notification when ready
 
8.  **Receive Certificate**
-  Mailed to address provided
-  Official RCMP document
-  Cannot be emailed
-  Original document with seal #### Paper Application (Alternative)
**If Cannot Apply Online:**
 
1.  **Download Form**

-  RCMP Form 5344
-  "Criminal Record Check Application"
-  Print clearly
 
2.  **Complete Form**
-  Fill out completely
-  Black ink
-  Legible
-  Sign and date
 
3.  **Get Fingerprints**
-  RCMP-accredited fingerprinting agency
-  Electronic submission
-  Or fingerprint card (C-216C)
- Agency submits to RCMP
 
4.  **Gather Documents**
-  Photocopies of ID (certified)
-  Proof of address
-  Payment
 
5.  **Submit Application**
-  Mail to RCMP
- Address on form
-  Include all documents
-  Keep copies
 
6.  **Processing**
-  3-5 weeks
-  Longer than online
-  Mailed when complete
 
### Where to Get Fingerprints (Canada)
 
**Accredited Agencies:**
-  Commissionaires (major provider across Canada)
-  Private fingerprinting companies
-  Some police services
-  RCMP detachments (limited)
 
**Process:**
1.  Find accredited agency near you
2.  Book appointment online/phone
3.  Bring valid ID
4.  Fingerprinting takes 10-15 minutes
5.  Electronic submission to RCMP
6.  Receive confirmation
7.  Cost: $25-60
 
**Major Cities:**
-  Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa: Multiple locations
-  Smaller cities: Commissionaires usually available

-  Rural areas: May need to travel to nearest city ### Provincial Police Checks (Canada)
**May Also Be Required:**
-  Provincial checks in addition to RCMP
-  Depends on Jewish Agency requirements
-  If lived in province long-term
 
**Provincial Systems:**
 
**Ontario:**
-  Local police services
-  Toronto Police, OPP, etc.
- Apply through local police website
- Cost: $30-60
-  Processing: 2-6 weeks
 
**Quebec:**
-  Sûreté du Québec
-  Or local police service
- Cost: $30-50
-  Processing: 2-4 weeks
 
**British Columbia:**
-  BC RCMP
-  Municipal police (Vancouver, etc.)
- Cost: $25-50
-  Processing: 2-3 weeks
 
**Alberta:**
-  Calgary Police, Edmonton Police
- Alberta RCMP
- Cost: $25-50
-  Processing: 2-3 weeks
 
**Generally:** Check with Jewish Agency whether provincial checks needed ### RCMP Certificate Format
**Document Contains:**
 
**Header:**
-  RCMP crest
-  "Royal Canadian Mounted Police"
-  "Certified Criminal Record Check"
 
**Applicant Information:**
-  Full name
-  Date of birth
-  Place of birth
-  File number

-  Date of issue
 
**Record Information:**
 
**If Clean Record:**

RESULT: NO CRIMINAL RECORD

A search of the Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) database has revealed NO criminal record for the above-named individual as of the date shown on this certificate.

 
**If Record Found:**

CRIMINAL RECORD DISCLOSED:

The following information is disclosed:

Conviction Date: [Date] Offense: [Description] Sentence: [Details] Location: [Court/Province]

[Additional convictions listed]

This certificate is based on information contained in CPIC as of [date].

 
**Authentication:**
-  RCMP seal
- Authorized signature
-  Certificate number
-  Verification information
 
### Apostille/Authentication for Canadian Documents
 
**Canada and Hague Convention:**
-  Canada participates in Hague Apostille Convention (as of 2024)
- Apostille simplifies authentication
-  Replaces old authentication and legalization process
 
**How to Obtain Apostille:**
 
1.  **Global Affairs Canada**
- Authentication Services Section
-  125 Sussex Drive
-  Ottawa, ON K1A 0G2
 
2.  **Apply Online**
-  [https://www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/about-a-propos/authentication-authentification.aspx](https://www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/about-a-propos/authentication-authentification.aspx)

-  Create account
-  Submit application
-  Upload documents
 
3.  **Or Mail Application**
-  Send original RCMP certificate
-  Completed application form
-  Payment
-  Return envelope
 
4.  **Fee**
-  $50 CAD per document
-  Credit card or money order
 
5.  **Processing**
-  Standard: 10-20 business days
-  Expedited: 3-5 business days (+$100)
-  Priority: 2 business days (+$200)
 
6.  **Receive Document**
- Apostille attached to original
-  Mailed back
-  Now valid internationally
 
**Check Requirements:**
-  Confirm with Jewish Agency if apostille needed
-  Israel may accept Canadian documents without
-  Better to have it if uncertain ### Canadian Processing Times
**RCMP Check:**
-  Online application: 2-3 weeks
-  Paper application: 3-5 weeks
-  With complications: 6-8 weeks
 
**Fingerprinting:**
- Appointment: Same day to 2 weeks wait
-  Processing: 1-2 weeks
 
**Apostille:**
-  Standard: 10-20 business days
-  Expedited: 3-5 business days
-  Priority: 2 business days
 
**Total Timeline:**
-  Fastest: 3-4 weeks (online, immediate fingerprint appointment, no apostille)
- Average: 5-7 weeks
-  With apostille: 7-10 weeks
-  Slowest: 12-15 weeks (complications, busy periods)
 
**Recommendation:** Start 4-6 months before aliyah

### Canadian Costs Summary
 
| Item | Cost (CAD) | Cost (USD) |
|------|-----------|----------- |
| RCMP check | $25 | ~$18 |
| Fingerprinting | $25-60 | $18-45 |
| Provincial check (if needed) | $25-60 | $18-45 |
| Apostille | $50 | $37 |
| Apostille expedited | $150 | $110 |
| Apostille priority | $250 | $185 |
| Translation (if needed) | $75-150 | $55-110 |
| **Total (standard, with apostille)** | **$125-235** | **$92-175** |
| **Expedited everything** | **$400-500** | **$295-370** | ### Canadian Special Considerations
**New Immigrants to Canada:**
-  Need Canadian check if lived there 6+ months
-  Plus country of origin check
-  Both required
 
**Dual Citizens:**
-  Canadian check needed if resided in Canada
-  Plus other country's check
 
**Indigenous Peoples:**
-  Same process applies
-  Band offices cannot issue certificates
-  Must use RCMP system
-  Tribal records not accepted
 
**Quebec Residents:**
-  Language options (French/English)
-  Same RCMP process
-  SQ (Sûreté du Québec) for provincial
-  Both official languages accepted for aliyah
 
**Atlantic Provinces:**
-  Same RCMP process
-  May have fewer fingerprinting locations
-  May need to travel to larger city
 
**Territories (Yukon, NWT, Nunavut):**
-  RCMP provides service
-  Limited local options
-  May need to travel
-  Longer processing possible
 
**Canadian Forces Members:**
-  Military police records separate
-  May need military police check

-  Plus RCMP check
-  Both required
 
**Pardoned Offenses:**
-  Should not appear on standard check
-  If pardon granted
-  Disclose that pardon exists
-  Provide pardon documentation
 
**Youth Records:**
-  Sealed after access period
-  Should not appear on adult check
-  Serious offenses may have longer access
-  Disclose if uncertain
 
### Canada Common Issues and Solutions
 
**Issue 1: Fingerprints Rejected**
-  Poor quality prints
-  Solution: Ensure clean hands, experienced technician, try again
 
**Issue 2: Name Discrepancy**
- Application name doesn't match ID
-  Solution: Provide name change documents, explain discrepancy, resubmit
 
**Issue 3: Address History Gaps**
-  Can't remember all addresses
-  Solution: Best estimates, explain gaps, provide what you can
 
**Issue 4: Slow Processing**
-  Taking longer than expected
-  Solution: Check online status, contact RCMP, be patient, common names take longer
 
**Issue 5: Lost Certificate**
-  Mailed but never received
-  Solution: Contact RCMP, request duplicate, may need to reapply with fee
 
---
 
## PART 4: SOUTH AFRICA - SAPS POLICE CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE
 
### South African System Overview
 
**Agency:** South African Police Service (SAPS)
**Division:** Criminal Record Centre
**Location:** Pretoria, South Africa
**System:** National criminal records database
 
**Important Note:** South African police clearances have historically been challenging to obtain, especially from abroad
 
### What SAPS Certificate Shows

**Included Information:**
-  Criminal convictions in South Africa
-  Pending cases
-  Outstanding warrants
- Admitted guilt (traffic fines over R1000, etc.)
-  Convictions from all South African courts
 
**What It Does NOT Show:**
-  Traffic fines under R1000
-  Civil matters
-  Expunged records (after rehabilitation period)
-  Crimes committed outside South Africa
-  Juvenile records (in most cases) ### South African Criminal Records
**Retention Periods:**
-  Most convictions: 10 years after sentence completion
-  Serious crimes: 30 years or permanent
-  Juvenile records: Sealed when reach 21 (minor crimes)
 
**Expungement:**
- After 10 years (minor offenses)
- After 30 years (serious offenses)
-  Can apply for removal from record
-  Not automatic
 
### How to Obtain SAPS Police Clearance
 
**Two Main Methods:**
1.  **In person in South Africa** (Easier)
2.  **From outside South Africa** (More complex) #### Method 1: In Person in South Africa
**Step-by-Step:**
 
1.  **Visit SAPS Office**
-  Criminal Record Centre
-  Or designated police station
-  Major cities have dedicated centers:
-  Pretoria (main office)
-  Johannesburg
-  Cape Town
-  Durban
-  Port Elizabeth
 
2.  **Bring Required Documents**
-  Valid South African ID document OR
-  Valid passport (for non-SA citizens)
-  Proof of address in South Africa (utility bill, bank statement)

-  Purpose letter: "Required for immigration to Israel"
-  Cash for payment
 
3.  **Complete Application**
-  Form provided at station
-  Fill out completely
-  Personal details
-  Fingerprints taken at station
-  Sign application
 
4.  **Submit Fingerprints**
-  Done at police station
-  Electronic or ink-based
- All 10 fingers
-  Clear prints required
 
5.  **Payment**
-  Cash only (usually)
-  Cost: R100-150 (approximately)
-  Receipt issued
-  Keep for collection
 
6.  **Processing**
-  Standard: 4-6 weeks
-  Busy periods: 8-10 weeks
-  Often unpredictable
-  Can be faster or slower
 
7.  **Collection**
-  Return to same police station
-  Bring receipt and ID
-  Certificate handed over
-  Or mailed (if arranged)
 
#### Method 2: From Outside South Africa
 
**Much More Complex:**
 
**Option A: Through South African Embassy/Consulate**
 
1.  **Contact Embassy**
-  South African Embassy in your country
-  Inquire about police clearance service
-  Not all embassies provide this
-  May have specific requirements
 
2.  **Required Documents (Typical):**
-  Passport copy (certified)
-  ID copy if SA citizen (certified)
-  Proof of SA address (historical)
-  Completed application form
-  Purpose letter

-  Fingerprints (from local police)
-  Payment
 
3.  **Fingerprints**
-  Taken at local police station
-  On fingerprint card
-  Must be clear
-  Certified by police
 
4.  **Submit to Embassy**
-  In person or mail
-  Embassy forwards to SAPS
-  Long processing time
 
5.  **Processing**
-  8-16 weeks typical
-  Can take 6+ months
-  Very unpredictable
-  Follow up regularly
 
6.  **Collection**
-  From embassy
-  Or mailed to you
-  Depends on embassy
 
**Option B: Through Agent in South Africa**
 
1.  **Find Reliable Agent**
-  Law firms
-  Document services
-  Specialized agencies
-  Verify legitimacy carefully
 
2.  **Provide Documents**
-  Scanned ID/passport
-  Power of Attorney (sometimes)
-  Fingerprints
-  Payment
- Application details
 
3.  **Agent Process**
- Agent applies on your behalf
- Attends SAPS office
-  Follows up
-  Collects certificate
 
4.  **Cost**
-  Higher than DIY
- R1,500 - R5,000
-  Plus agent fee
-  Plus courier

5.  **Receive Certificate**
-  Courier to you
-  International shipping
-  Track package
 
**Option C: Travel to South Africa**
 
-  Most reliable if time permits
- Apply in person
-  Collect in person or arrange courier
-  Expensive but guaranteed process ### SAPS Certificate Format
**Document Contains:**
 
**Header:**
-  SAPS logo and crest
-  "SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE"
-  "POLICE CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE"
 
**Applicant Information:**
-  Full names
-  ID number / Passport number
-  Date of birth
-  Nationality
-  Physical description (height, etc.)
 
**Record Information:**
 
**If Clean Record:**

CERTIFICATE OF NO CRIMINAL RECORD

This is to certify that a search of the Criminal Record Centre database has revealed that [Name], ID/Passport number [Number], has NO criminal record as of [Date].

This certificate is issued for official purposes and is valid for 6 months from the date of issue.

 
**If Record Found:**

CRIMINAL RECORD DISCLOSED

The following convictions appear on record: Date: [Date]

Offense: [Description]

Court: [Court name, location] Sentence: [Details]

Status: [Completed/Pending]

This certificate is issued for official purposes.

Authentication:

ï           Official stamp

ï           Authorized signature

ï           Date of issue

ï           Certificate number

ï           Commissioner's seal

Apostille for South African Documents

South Africa and Hague Convention:

ï           South Africa is party to Hague Apostille Convention

ï           Apostille required for international use

ï           Two-step process in South Africa

How to Obtain Apostille:

Step 1: Notarization/Commissioning

ï           SAPS certificate must first be certified

ï           By a Commissioner of Oaths, or

ï           By a Notary Public

ï           Cost: R100-300

ï           Available at:

◦           Police stations

◦           Lawyers' offices

◦           Banks

◦           Government offices

Step 2: Apostille from Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO)

1.              Prepare Documents

◦                    Original SAPS certificate

◦                    Certified/notarized copy

◦                    Covering letter

◦                    Copy of passport

2.              Submit to DIRCO

◦                    In Person:

▪                    DIRCO offices in Pretoria

▪                    Or Cape Town

▪                    Or satellite offices

◦                    By Mail:

▪                    DIRCO Legalisation Section

▪                    Private Bag X152

▪                    Pretoria, 0001

▪                    South Africa

3.              Payment

◦                    R100 per document

◦                    Bank deposit or cash

◦                    Proof of payment required

4.              Processing

◦                    Standard: 3-5 business days (in person)

◦                    Mail: 2-4 weeks

◦                    Can be longer

5.              Collection

◦                    In person: Return to collect

◦                    By mail: Include return envelope

Alternative: Use Agent

ï           Document agents in SA

ï           Handle entire process

ï           Cost: R500-1,500

ï           Plus DIRCO fees

ï           Courier to you

South African Processing Times

SAPS Certificate:

ï           In person in SA: 4-6 weeks

ï           Through embassy: 8-16 weeks

ï           Through agent: 6-10 weeks

ï           Unpredictable, can be longer

Notarization:

ï           Same day to 1 week

Apostille:

ï           In person: 3-5 days

ï           By mail: 2-4 weeks

Total Timeline:

ï           Best case (in person): 5-8 weeks

ï           From overseas: 10-20 weeks

ï           Worst case: 6+ months

**Recommendation: **Start 6-12 months before aliyah

South African Costs Summary

**Note: **USD conversions approximate (ZAR 18-19 = $1 USD)

South African Special Considerations

For South African Citizens Living Abroad:

ï           Most challenging scenario

ï           Options:

1.        Travel to SA (most reliable)
2.        Use agent
3.        Embassy (if available)

ï           Allow maximum time

ï           Have backup plan

For Non-SA Citizens Who Lived in SA:

ï           Need clearance if resided 6+ months

ï           Passport-based application

ï           May be easier than SA citizens

ï           Still slow process

Temporary Residents:

ï           Work permit holders

ï           Student visa holders

ï           Need clearance if required

ï           Apply through passport

Multiple SA IDs:

ï           Old ID and Smart ID

ï           May have different numbers

ï           Declare both

ï           Ensure consistent

Name Changes:

ï           Marriage, deed poll

ï           Provide documentation

ï           Application in current legal name

ï           Note previous names

Apartheid-Era Records:

ï           May have inconsistencies

ï           "Population group" classifications

ï           Historical issues

ï           Explain if questions

Traditional Courts:

ï           Traditional/tribal court matters

ï           Usually not in SAPS database

ï           Focus on state courts

ï           Disclose if serious

Admitted Guilt Fines:

ï           Traffic fines over R1000

ï           May appear as "convictions"

ï           Can explain as administrative

ï           Usually not serious

Lost ID Documents:

ï           Delays process significantly

ï           Need to get temporary ID

ï           Or use passport

ï           Allow extra time

South Africa Common Issues and Solutions

Issue 1: Long Delays

ï           Certificate taking months

ï           Solution: Follow up regularly, consider agent, escalate through embassy

Issue 2: Lost Application

ï           No record of application

ï           Solution: Keep all receipts, contact SAPS directly, may need to reapply

Issue 3: Incorrect Information

ï           Wrong name, DOB, etc.

ï           Solution: Contact SAPS immediately, provide ID documents, request correction

Issue 4: Embassy Won't Help

ï           Embassy doesn't provide service

ï           Solution: Use agent, or travel to SA, or try different embassy

Issue 5: Certificate Expired

ï           Valid 6 months, now old

ï           Solution: May need new certificate, check with Israel if acceptable

Issue 6: Record Shows Dismissed Case

ï           Case dismissed but still appears

ï           Solution: Provide court documents, explain in letter, request removal

Issue 7: Can't Get Apostille

ï           Distance from DIRCO office

ï           Solution: Use apostille agent, mail application, allow 3-4 weeks

Tips for South Africans Making Aliyah

If Currently in South Africa:

ï           Apply for police clearance FIRST

ï           Before leaving

ï           Easier while in country

ï           Get apostille while there

ï           Make multiple certified copies

If Already Abroad:

ï           Start process immediately (12+ months ahead)

ï           Use agent if possible

ï           Budget for agent costs

ï           Be patient and persistent

ï           Have backup plans

Contact Information:

ï           SAPS Criminal Record Centre

ï           Pretoria: +27 12 393 1000

ï           General inquiries: +27 12 393 2102

ï           Hours: Monday-Friday, 8am-4pm SA time

Embassy Contact:

ï           Contact your local SA embassy

ï           Ask specifically about police clearances

ï           Get process details in writing

ï           Confirm timelines

Recommended Agents:

ï           Verify through SA expat groups

ï           Check reviews and references

ï           Get quotes from multiple agents

ï           Use escrow or secure payment

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: USA vs UK vs CANADA vs SOUTH AFRICA

Quick Comparison Table

Detailed Comparison

Ease of Obtaining Easiest to Hardest:

**1.        UK (ACRO) **- Fully online, straightforward, no fingerprints, fast

**2.        USA (FBI channeler) **- Fast and easy but requires fingerprints

**3.        Canada (RCMP) **- Straightforward but requires fingerprints

**4.        South Africa (SAPS) **- Difficult, slow, unreliable from abroad

Processing Speed Fastest to Slowest:

**1.        USA (FBI channeler) **- 3-5 days

**2.        UK (ACRO) **- 10-15 days

**3.        Canada (RCMP) **- 2-3 weeks

**4.        South Africa (SAPS) **- 4-6 weeks minimum, often much longer

Cost (excluding apostille) Cheapest to Most Expensive:

**1.        South Africa (in person) **- R100-150 (~$5-8)

**2.        USA (FBI direct) **- $18

**3.        Canada **- $43-105 CAD (~$32-78 USD)

**4.        UK **- £55 (~$70 USD)

**Note: **South Africa cheapest IF in person; through agent can be $140-450

Reliability

Most to Least Reliable:

**1.        USA (FBI) **- Very consistent and reliable

**2.        UK (ACRO) **- Very consistent and reliable

**3.        Canada (RCMP) **- Very consistent and reliable

**4.        South Africa (SAPS) **- Inconsistent, especially from abroad

Coverage

What Each Shows:

**USA: **Federal + some state crimes (not all local crimes)

**UK: **All recordable offenses (with filtering for old minor offenses)

**Canada: **All Canadian convictions

**South Africa: **All SA court convictions over threshold

Common Patterns Across Countries

What All Four Have in Common:

1.              Must Disclose Everything

◦                    Honesty required in all countries

◦                    Lying = denial

◦                    Context matters

2.              Fingerprints Usually Required

◦                    USA: Yes

◦                    UK: No

◦                    Canada: Yes

◦                    South Africa: Yes

3.              Valid for 6-12 Months

◦                    All expire after time

◦                    May need to renew if aliyah delays

4.              Official Government Documents

◦                    All recognized by Israel

◦                    All carry equal weight

◦                    Format differences don't matter

5.              Show Recent/Serious Crimes

◦                    All show serious offenses

◦                    All show recent convictions

◦                    Minor old offenses vary

Special Considerations by Country

USA:

ï           Need BOTH federal and state checks

ï           Multiple states = multiple applications

ï           Apostille from federal and state levels

ï           Most expensive if multiple states

UK:

ï           Single certificate covers all UK

ï           Filtering may hide old offenses

ï           No fingerprints required

ï           Translation rarely needed

Canada:

ï           Single national system

ï           May need provincial checks too

ï           Pardons hide record

ï           Apostille process changed in 2024 (now easier)

South Africa:

ï           Most challenging from abroad

ï           Agent services recommended if overseas

ï           Two-step apostille process

ï           Unpredictable timing

When Multiple Countries Required

If You Lived in Multiple Countries:

Example: South African born, lived in UK, now in USA, making aliyah Required:

1.        South African SAPS certificate (country of origin)
2.        UK ACRO certificate (lived there 2 years)
3.        USA FBI check + state checks (current residence)

Process:

ï           Apply to all simultaneously

ï           Different timelines

ï           South Africa takes longest (start first)

ï           USA fastest (do last)

ï           UK in middle

Timeline:

ï           South Africa: Start 12 months ahead

ï           UK: Start 6 months ahead

ï           USA: Start 3 months ahead

ï           All should complete around same time

Costs:

ï           South Africa: $140-450 (through agent)

ï           UK: $70-95

ï           USA: $150-500 (multiple states)

ï           Total: $360-1,045 Organization:

ï           Track each separately

ï           Keep copies of all applications

ï           Follow up regularly

ï           Organize final package chronologically

Recommendations by Situation

If Currently in Country of Origin:

ï           Apply in person

ï           Easier and faster

ï           Get apostille while there

ï           Make multiple certified copies

If Living Abroad:

ï           Start very early (6-12 months)

ï           Use online methods when available

ï           Consider agents for South Africa

ï           Allow buffer time

If Multiple Countries:

ï           Prioritize difficult countries (SA first)

ï           Apply to all early

ï           Track progress separately

ï           May need to travel for some

If Tight Timeline:

ï           Use fastest methods (channelers, expedited)

ï           Pay extra for speed

ï           Avoid South Africa complications if possible

ï           Consider delaying aliyah if necessary

Israeli Perspective

How Israeli Authorities View Each:

All Equally Accepted:

ï           No preference among countries

ï           All recognized as valid

ï           Trust all four systems

ï           Format differences irrelevant

What They Care About:

ï           Is it official government document?

ï           Is it recent (within 12 months)?

ï           Is it properly authenticated (apostille if required)?

ï           Are convictions disclosed?

ï           Is information consistent with other documents?

What They Don't Care About:

ï           Different formats

ï           Different security features